Addressing and its types.

What is Addressing in Networking?

• A computer network is a collection of several linked computers that share one or more resources that are provided on or by network nodes. Rules or network protocols control the sharing and communication between the machines. 
• A host or computer in a communications network can be uniquely identified by its network address, which might be either logical or physical. 
• The two separate nodes in the network can communicate with one another because of addressing. 
• Four different addressing methods are used by the TCP/IP network's communication systems, one for each tier of the protocol architecture.

Addressing in Networking

Types of Addressing in Network

1. Physical Address
2. Logical Address
3. Port Address
4. Application-Specific Address

Physical Address-

• Any network you are on, whether LAN or WAN, gives each node in the network a unique address. This address is also known as a link address and is a physical address.
• The physical address is contained in the frames that the data link layer creates from the packets that it receives from the network layer. 
• The length and format of the address are determined by the type of network utilized.
• Unicast, multicast, and broadcast addresses are further classifications for the physical address. The frame that needs to be delivered to a single receiver is given a physical unicast address.
• The frame that needs to be transmitted to a collection of receivers includes a physical multicast address. 
• The frame that needs to be sent to every node or system connected to the network includes the physical broadcast address.

Logical Address-

• The scope of logical addressing is wider. It is used to transfer frames across two networks—which could employ different addressing formats—that are separate from one another. 
• Despite the actual network that supports each node, it is specifically made to identify each one individually.
• The IP address assigned to each node connected to the internet is known as its logical address, and no two nodes in this instance may have the same IP address. 
• Similar to physical addresses, logical addresses are categorized as broadcast (which includes all system nodes), multicast (which includes multiple receivers), and unicast (which includes a single receiver). 
• Even so, there is a restriction on the number of recipients in broadcasting.

Port Address-

• Up till now, we have learned that in order to send and receive data between two nodes in the same or separate network, logical and physical addresses are needed. But things don't stop here. The next step after getting the data at the computer is to determine which computer process needs the data.
• Everybody knows that the computer executes several processes simultaneously. Therefore, we must label the process in order to uniquely identify each process in a computer and determine which process the data is for. 
• A process's address in TCP/IP architecture is referred to as its port address.

Application-Specific Address-

• Specific applications can be identified by their application-specific addresses. 
• For instance, the website address is www.dcandcn.blogspot.com, and the email address is manncsemanjeet@gmail.com.
• Thus, these are the four different address types that are utilized with TCP/IP protocols to facilitate network communication.